What is an endoscopic craniotomy?

A craniotomy is a type of brain surgery. During a traditional craniotomy, a neurosurgeon removes a piece of the skull to access the brain. But in some cases, the neurosurgeon can perform an endoscopic craniotomy instead. For this, the surgeon makes a small hole in the skull and inserts an endoscope – a thin tube with a light and tiny camera on the end. The surgeon passes tools through the endoscope to operate on the brain. This procedure is also called a minimally invasive or "keyhole" craniotomy due to the smaller opening in the skull.

To make craniotomies and other brain procedures more precise, UCSF neurosurgeons use the most advanced imaging tools available. These include brain mapping, neuronavigation systems (which give the surgeon a customized map of the patient's brain before surgery), and CT or MRI scanning during surgery.